Although diabetes is only found in Bo-year, as it has long been suffering from diabetes, and it has not yet discovered. The prevalence of diabetes increases with age, such as the Bo-old elderly, diabetes is quite prevalent in. According to the survey, China's urban diabetes prevalence rate of 1%, after 40 years of age increased linearly with age, and almost every increase of 10-year-old, the sick rate increased by 1%. These elderly people often do not have the typical diabetic polyuria, polydipsia, food, wasting so-called "little more than three a" phenomenon, but with body fat much more prevalent. This is because obese people often have defects in insulin receptor can cause a relative shortage of insulin. Diabetes is often associated with high blood pressure. According to statistics, in the diabetic patients, 40% to 80% with hypertension, for the general population of 4 ~ 5 times. The long-term diabetes can cause big arteriosclerosis, coronary heart disease cerebral arteriosclerosis. Diabetes can also be caused by microvascular disease affecting the kidneys, there diabetic nephropathy, this is another factor in the formation of high blood pressure. Hypertension exacerbated diabetic nephropathy, so that kidney damage is increasing. Diabetes can also affect the nervous system, there diabetic neuropathy, usually manifested peripheral neuropathy, there limb paresthesia, decreased. As the limb hypoesthesia, easily damage occurred, and because the nerve and blood vessel disease, lower extremity skin and nutritional bad, once the damage difficult to heal, easy to secondary infection and the formation of ulcers and permanently. Because peripheral neuropathy can lead to a small foot muscle atrophy, showing claw-shaped toe. Because the foot deformation, gait changes, the focus can change, easy to produce calluses, corns, friction prone to injury. Coupled with limb autonomic neuropathy, sweating to reduce foot dry skin, limb ischemia caused by atherosclerosis, is extremely vulnerable skin ulcers, infections. As the limb atherosclerosis, lower limb ischemia, can cause calf cramps easy to walk a long time when the lower limb pain, limp, have a rest before mitigation, this phenomenon is medically known as "intermittent claudication." Above neuropathy, vascular disease and infection constitute the three major factors that diabetic foot.
"Diabetic Foot" focus on prevention and treatment of personal protection, it is necessary to avoid foot injury, to prevent secondary infection. Diabetic people should quit smoking, because smoking can aggravate atherosclerosis. Diabetics should pay attention to footwear suitable, not too tight, perfect day, and whether the foreign body should check the shoes, nail cuttings, etc. insole is flat. Shoes should fit to wear new shoes for each not more than two hours, but not to walk long distances in order to avoid foot wear. Do not wear herringbone slippers; night to check whether the foot and toes blisters, scratches or skin lesions, if necessary, use a mirror view the foot and, if necessary to timely diagnosis and treatment. Their feet with warm water every night, every 10 to 15 minutes, in order to promote blood circulation and lower limbs. Feet or hand or elbow before measuring about water temperature, so as to avoid occurrence of foot burns sensory dysfunction. Bubble over, use a soft dry towel Kaigan, in particular the gap between the toes should gently Kaigan. Winter should pay attention enough to keep warm, shoes to keep dry, insole and often Xishai, suitably soft and warm insole, Yichuan wool socks or cotton socks to help keep warm moisture. Cool enough to ease the night to wear socks, but do not use hot-water bottle, soup Pozi, small stoves warm feet, in order to avoid scalding. The skin too dry, can be partially coated lanolin or urea cream to prevent skin cracking. To timely treatment of tinea pedis, to corns, calluses should be treated early, do not use corrosive ointment, such as corns. If foot pain, to seek early treatment, not to abuse tape affixed feet. Do not walk barefoot at any time (even on the beach), to avoid foot injuries. If visual impairment should be relatives or friends to help trim toenails, calluses, do not themselves operate so as to avoid damage. Do not cut nails too short, angle should be blunt and smooth so as to avoid stabbing. Do not cross legs, a long time in order to avoid oppression of blood vessels, nerves. In addition, the treatment of diabetes should actively strive to control the blood sugar at normal levels. The event of foot ulcers, wounds, to early treatment. Aspirin, dipyridamole and so on can reduce the platelet aggregation, relieve blood hypercoagulability, and clear the microcirculation. Chinese medicine has a similar role in promoting blood circulation. To take active conservative treatment will enable 70% of the "diabetic foot" freedom from amputation.
With the average life expectancy of people with diabetes, "Diabetic Foot" prevalence rate of increase, prevention and treatment of diabetic foot, the key is to draw attention to careful self-care, a preventive measure.
